ABSTRACT
@#The gas chromatography method was developed for the determination of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol in poloxamer 188 to provide scientific basis for the quality control. The samples was separated on column VF-17ms(30 m×0. 53 mm, 1. 0 μm)with temperature programming, inlet temperature was 270 °C, detector temperature was 290 °C and the split ratio was 10 ∶1. The method showed great linearity over the range of 6-15 μg/mL(r≥0. 999). The injection precision(n=8)of the three residual impurities were 3. 3%, 3. 0%, 2. 3% and the average recoveries were 99. 05%(RSD=2. 9%, n=9), 102. 20%(RSD=4. 0%, n=9), 101. 91%(RSD=3. 1%, n=9), respectively. The analytical method is specific, accurate and sensitive, which is suitable for the determination of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol in poloxamer 188, providing reference and guidance for the production and quality control of poloxamer 188.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of ulinastatin on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in preoperative sleep deprived aged rats.Methods Sixty clean healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 18 months,weighing 350-500 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),sleep deprivation group (group D) and ulinastatin group (group U).Sleep deprivation was induced by using modified multiple platform method in D and U groups,and then splenectomy was performed in three groups.Ulinastatin 100 U/g was intraperitoneally injected before sleep deprivation and immediately after operation in group U.Ten rats were randomly selected at 3 days after operation and sacrificed,and hippocampi were removed for determination of the contents of interleukin-1β (IL-1β),IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Morris water maze test was performed at 3-7 days after operation in the rest ten rats in each group,and the escape latency and time of staying at the original platform were recorded.Results Compared with group C,the escape latency was significantly prolonged at 4-6 days after operation,the time of staying at the original platform was shortened,and the contents of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α were increased at 3 days after operation in D and U groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group D,the escape latency was significantly shortened at 4-6 days after operation,the time spent in the original platform was prolonged,and the contents of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased at 3 days after operation in group U (P＜0.05).Conclusion Ulinastatin can mitigate postoperative cognitive dysfunction in preoperative sleep deprived aged rats,which is related to inhibiting inflammatory responses.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the changes in discharge rates of pain-sensitive neurons (PSN) in thalamic parafaseicular nucleus ( Pf) following coronary artery occlusion (CAO) and the effects of urapidil, a partial 5-HT agonist. Methods One-hundred male SD rats weighing 260-300 g were operated upon under urethane anesthesia and local infiltration of the skin incision. The animals were tracheotomized and mechanically ventilated. A hole was drilled in the skull until the brain was exposed. A single-barrel glass electrode was inserted, aiming at the PSN, the discharges of which were filtered, amplified and recorded. Chest was opened and heart was exposed. A tie was placed around the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery which can be occluded whenever needed. The study was divided into 3 groups : group I CAO alone; group II CAO + urapidil and group III CAO + urapidil + methysergide ( a potent serotonin antagonist). Urapidil 0.21 mg.kg-1 was given intravenously 15 min after CAO. Methysergide 0.1 mg.kg-1 was given iv 20 min after urapidil. Results Discharges of PSN were recorded in 45 animals out of the 100, and the recordings were complete for investigation in 31 animals. CAO evoked significant increase in the discharge frequency of PSN in 18/31 animals. After intravenous urapidil the increased frequency of nociceptive discharges was inhibited; however intravenous methysergide could partially antagonize the antinociceptive effect of urapidil. Conclusion The results indicate that (1 )the nociceptive response could be induced by CAO in rats; (2) Pf nucleus of thafamus is involved in the myocardial ischemia-induced nociceptive response of central nervous system; (3) serotonin plays a critical role in the modulation of the nociceptive signal of acute myocardial ischemia.